Arduino
Arduino
software libraries
- https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino
- https://github.com/PaulStoffregen/Time
- https://github.com/Toshik/TickerScheduler
- http://www.pjrc.com/teensy/td_libs_TimeAlarms.html
- https://hackaday.io/project/4588-esp8266-interrupt-driven-meter-monitor/log/14892-some-software-very-early-test-code
- https://github.com/bblanchon/ArduinoJson/wiki/Decoding-JSON
back to electronics thrift circuits arduino https://github.com/sandeepmistry/esp8266-Arduino/tree/master/esp8266com/esp8266/libraries/Ticker
sketches
C++
floats
http://teknologi.arahmadi.net/2014/06/writing-and-reading-float-using-arduino.html
classes
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1735990/using-classes-with-the-arduino
- http://playground.arduino.cc/Code/Library
- http://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/language/initializer_list
- http://arduinoetcetera.blogspot.com/2011/01/classes-within-classes-initialiser.html
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7603981/c-initialization-lists-for-multiple-variables
char strings
arrays
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/5157439/why-doesnt-c-support-functions-returning-arrays
- http://stackoverflow.com/questions/8948653/creating-dynamic-array-of-string-c
- http://forum.allaboutcircuits.com/threads/arduino-array-of-strings-char-arrays.98257/
- http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=220385.0
using sublime
- starting a new sketch
- add a newp dir with a newp.ino in sublime and then from arduino open it.
esp8266
current projects
hvac
- DHT shroom
- humidity temp control for noah -dht11+2relays 1 input, 2output
- temp
- outdoor thermometer -ds18b20, 1 input
- DSP18B20 hrc
- heated roof control-1 relay, 2inputs, 1output
- timerrelay
- timer for plants 1relay 1 output
- DHT irrig
- gravity feed water release (moisture level input dht11(io14d5)), out timr1(io15d8)
using with HDT11
- https://www.wemos.cc/product/dht-shield.html
- https://github.com/adafruit/DHT-sensor-library
- https://github.com/wemos/D1_mini_Examples/blob/master/examples/04.Shields/DHT_Shield/Simple/Simple.ino
- http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-set-up-the-dht11-humidity-sensor-on-the-raspberry-pi/
- http://www.circuitbasics.com/how-to-set-up-the-dht11-humidity-sensor-on-an-arduino
notes on esp8266
Hi Mitul,
My best esp8266 code is in https://github.com/mckennatim/demiot. A couple of notes on it.
You can always get it online by hard coding your SSID info ala...
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
const char *ssid = "street_no_vale2";
const char *pwd = "jjjjjjjj";
ESP8266WebServer server(80);
void handleRoot() {
server.send(200, "text/html", "h1 root of espAPsb AP server /h1");
}
void getOnline(){
WiFi.begin(ssid, pwd);
int tries =0;
int success=1;
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED ) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
tries++;
if (tries==15){
success=0;
scan();
setupAP();
break;
}
}
if (success){
Serial.println("");
Serial.println("WiFi connected");
Serial.print("IP address: ");
Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
}
}
void setup(){
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
Serial.println("--------------------------");
Serial.println("ESP8266 webconfig");
Serial.println("--------------------------");
getOnline();
}
void loop(){
server.handleClient();
}
but that is not at all interesting for a couple of reasons
- you shouldn't have to be reconnect and upload over USB every time you move to a new SSID
- this sets you up as a server instead of client. There are lots of downsides to that. (your customers have to open ports on their routers ala xbox, an outside server&clients needs to keep track of its IP...)
So you need to be able to webconfig the thing and then run it as a client.
In denmiot/essp8266/mqttall I broke out webconfig in `#include "config.h"` (excuse the `extern` globals).
setup calls getOnline() which reads a config from the EEPROM and connects but if that fails it jumps into webconfig mode, turning itself into and access point server with an SSID of `espAPsb` and an ip of 192.168.4.1 where you can send it a get string like
http://192.168.4.1/config?ssid=street_no_vale2&pwd=jjjjjjjj&devid=CYURD001&ip=10.0.1.100&port=3332
once you send it that it reboots itself (sometimes you need to hit the reset or powerdown) as a client on your local wifi.
mqtt
mqtt is a very cool pu/sub/ protocol. For some reason though it won't automatically reconnect when you do a webconfig. You have to power down first
TLS on esp8266
- back to TLS_SSL
refs
http://shinysparkly.com/blog/2015/05/31/node-in-apache/
https://github.com/mcollina/mosca/wiki/TLS-SSL-Configuration
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/issues/43 ssl on espe266
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/issues/2306
me: Normally one would want the baddest certifcate you can get, un-deciferable cifers, un-stealable keys ...
I have a different need, a dumbed down tls1.1 small key/cipher/cert that will work on esp8266's, these tiny, wifi enabled, mqtt protoocol running, $2, iot devices. OK so I made a 512byte private key. Now I need to make a cert and a sha-1 thumbprint that will work with small memory devices using tls1.1, TLSRSAWITHAES128CBCSHA or RC4-MD5 ciphers.
Any ideas on an oppenssl command to get that?
https://www.feistyduck.com/library/openssl-cookbook/online/ch-openssl.html#
https://www.openssl.org/docs/man1.0.2/apps/ciphers.html#CIPHER-LIST-FORMAT
http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/140601/verifying-a-ssl-certificates-fingerprint
http://serverfault.com/questions/216814/wireshark-display-filter-protocol-tlsv1-and-packetlength
ssl.record.version == 0x0302
That tells Wireshark to only display packets that are SSL conversations using TLS semantics.
http://blog.abarbanell.de/raspberry/2016/01/09/arduino-nginx/
me: Doesn't the nginx proxy need crt's and key's? Will it just work like a browser and encrypt deencrypt automagically?
Tobias Abarbanell Hi Tim, in this process the nginx is a server receiving requests over http and then on the encrypted side it is a client, so it does not need to have certificates.
If you want traffic coming the other direction, from the outside to your devices you would need certificates on the nginx and I would recommend using letsencrypt (https://letsencrypt.org) for this purpose.
Hi Tobias,
Thanks. BTW I think I had already solved the "traffic coming the other direction" problem. I've been loving mqtt as a lightweight protocol to have my esp8266's converse with the world. On my outside nginx vps I am running mosca inside a node app. Mosca is a broker. Devices an clients subscribe and publish to topics and mosca routes them. So my guess is having the pi handle the tls stuff, I'd be able to get data in too.
Meanwhile if I've discovered (after lots of error and error) if I limit the ciphers and keysize I can get TLSv1.1 working rather reliably straight from the esp8266. I haven't dropped a handshake in an hour now. Having WiFiClientSecure just use a fingerprint of the certificate (512 bit certificate) it verifies and accepts the cert. Instead of letting node run with its TLSv1.2 super secure big bloated ciphers I start node like this: node --tls-cipher-list='TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA:RC4-MD5' lib/index.js. Ok so I won't win any awards for TLS and can't use AWS IOT(req TLSv1.2 and big ciphers), but the sensors and relays all over my house and yard will be very hard to mess with nonetheless.
Mosca sends mqtt to web clients using websockets. That's the final piece of the puzzle for me to tackle, wss for apache(windows testmachine) and nginx(ubuntu16.04vps)
Your idea is brilliant and I can't wait to try it on a pi.
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/issues/2306
As you see from the list, two cipher suites supported by axTLS library on the ESP side (TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA and TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA) are not among the list of cipher suites supported by your server. This causes handshake failure, because if the server and client have no cipher suites in common, they can't talk to each other.
now the above post shows the current library supports RC4-MD5 (I believe) - but I'm not sure how to prioritize it in the handshake? That is, until SHA256 is added :)
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/issues/2201
http://nodemcu.readthedocs.io/en/latest/en/modules/crypto/
for nodemcu The crypto modules provides various functions for working with cryptographic algorithms.
The following encryption/decryption algorithms/modes are supported: - "AES-ECB" for 128-bit AES in ECB mode (NOT recommended) - "AES-CBC" for 128-bit AES in CBC mode
The following hash algorithms are supported: - MD2 (not available by default, has to be explicitly enabled in app/include/user_config.h) - MD5 - SHA1 - SHA256, SHA384, SHA512 (unless disabled in app/include/user_config.h)
{"given_cipher_suites":["TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA","TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA","TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA","TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5"],"ephemeral_keys_supported":false,"session_ticket_supported":false,"tls_compression_supported":false,"unknown_cipher_suite_supported":false,"beast_vuln":false,"able_to_detect_n_minus_one_splitting":false,"insecure_cipher_suites":{"TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5":["use RC4 which has insecure biases in its output"],"TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA":["use RC4 which has insecure biases in its output"]},"tls_version":"TLS 1.1","rating":"Bad"}
{"pid":5768,"hostname":"tim-hp","name":"mosca","level":40,"time":1484804098536,"msg":"101057795:error:14094410:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:sslv3 alert handshake failure:openssl\\ssl\\s3_pkt.c:1472:SSL alert number 40\n","type":"Error","stack":"Error: 101057795:error:14094410:SSL routines:ssl3_read_bytes:sslv3 alert handshake failure:openssl\\ssl\\s3_pkt.c:1472:SSL alert number 40\n\n at Error (native)","client":"ESP8266Client-e1e","v":1}
openssl s_client -connect sslvh.tm:8883 -tls1
CONNECTED(00000003)
depth=0 /C=US/ST=MA/L=Boston/O=sitebuilt.net/OU=dog/CN=sslvh.tm/emailAddress=mckenna.tim@gmail.com
verify error:num=18:self signed certificate
verify return:1
depth=0 /C=US/ST=MA/L=Boston/O=sitebuilt.net/OU=dog/CN=sslvh.tm/emailAddress=mckenna.tim@gmail.com
verify return:1
---
Certificate chain
0 s:/C=US/ST=MA/L=Boston/O=sitebuilt.net/OU=dog/CN=sslvh.tm/emailAddress=mckenna.tim@gmail.com
i:/C=US/ST=MA/L=Boston/O=sitebuilt.net/OU=dog/CN=sslvh.tm/emailAddress=mckenna.tim@gmail.com
---
Server certificate
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
subject=/C=US/ST=MA/L=Boston/O=sitebuilt.net/OU=dog/CN=sslvh.tm/emailAddress=mckenna.tim@gmail.com
issuer=/C=US/ST=MA/L=Boston/O=sitebuilt.net/OU=dog/CN=sslvh.tm/emailAddress=mckenna.tim@gmail.com
---
No client certificate CA names sent
---
SSL handshake has read 1080 bytes and written 412 bytes
---
New, TLSv1/SSLv3, Cipher is AES256-SHA
Server public key is 2048 bit
Compression: NONE
Expansion: NONE
SSL-Session:
Protocol : TLSv1
Cipher : AES256-SHA
Session-ID: EB450D46B951B96AB6D8F3B10762772F05D8D9E65998FEC796EAA852A335FFD2
Session-ID-ctx:
Master-Key: 6F9AA7D47D1E352283BC6D7715A4664E184E4B565B14F6288350E117D3D9F6FD6869F28E66481822B1B37CC35E252BE0
Key-Arg : None
Start Time: 1484812097
Timeout : 7200 (sec)
Verify return code: 18 (self signed certificate)
https://www.bountysource.com/issues/28368887-compatibility-with-arduino-and-esp8266
- http://iot-playground.com/2-uncategorised/40-esp8266-wifi-relay-switch-arduino-ide
- web based configuration
openssl
back to esp8266
in cd ../vhosts/somecerts/smallcerts/
Generate a Private Key and a CSR
openssl req -newkey rsa:512 -nodes -keyout domain.key -out domain.csr
Generate a Self-Signed Certificate from an Existing Private Key
openssl req -key domain.key -new -x509 -days 365 -out domain.crt
View CSR Entries
openssl req -text -noout -verify -in domain.csr
View Certificate Entries
openssl x509 -text -noout -in domain.crt
Verify a Certificate was Signed by a CA
openssl verify -verbose -CAFile ca.crt domain.crt
from https://www.feistyduck.com/library/openssl-cookbook/online/ch-openssl.html#
openssl genrsa -out fd.key 512 //create private key (no pass) openssl rsa -in fd.key -pubout -out fd-public.key //to separate out the public key openssl req -new -key fd.key -out fd.csr //create csr from key openssl req -text -in fd.csr -noout //show your csr openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in fd.csr -signkey fd.key -out fd.crt // create a cert w/o questions openssl x509 -text -in fd.crt -noout //view the cert openssl x509 -text -noout -in fd.crt -fingerprint //GET A CERTS FINGERPRINT
Ciphers
openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:COMPLEMENTOFALL' //list available
https://engineering.circle.com/https-authorized-certs-with-node-js-315e548354a2#.3atvisjhz
vis a vis letsencrypt
- your key file will be privkey.pem
- your cert file will be cert.pem
- your ca file will be chain.pem or fullchain.pem ( depending exactly what you need )
creating a certificate signing authority ca (and cert and key)
https://jamielinux.com/docs/openssl-certificate-authority/create-the-root-pair.html
Acting as a certificate authority (CA) means dealing with cryptographic pairs of private keys and public certificates. The very first cryptographic pair we’ll create is the root pair. This consists of the root key (ca.key.pem) and root certificate (ca.cert.pem). This pair forms the identity of your CA.
in C:\wamp\vhosts\somecerts\caSetup create root certificates
mkdir certs crl csr newcerts private touch index.txt echo 1000 > serial put in a openssl.conf openssl genrsa -aes256 -out private/ca.key.pem 4096 //pwd required openssl req -config openssl.conf -key private/ca.key.pem -new -x509 -days 12000 -sha256 -extensions v3_ca -out certs/ca.cert.pem //need privar pwd and Common Name hpTimCa openssl x509 -noout -text -in certs/ca.cert.pem //verify root cert
create intermediate certs
cd intermediate mkdir certs crl csr newcerts private touch index.txt echo 1000 > serial echo 1000 > crlnumber openssl genrsa -aes256 -out intermediate/private/intermediate.key.pem 4096 //same pwd openssl req -config intermediate/openssl.conf -new -sha256 -key intermediate/private/intermediate.key.pem -out intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr.pem openssl ca -config openssl.conf -extensions v3_intermediate_ca -days 10900 -notext -md sha256 -in intermediate/csr/intermediate.csr.pem -out intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem openssl x509 -noout -text -in intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem //verify openssl verify -CAfile certs/ca.cert.pem intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem //verify against root cat intermediate/certs/intermediate.cert.pem certs/ca.cert.pem > intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem openssl genrsa -out intermediate/private/sslvh.tm.key.pem 2048 //omitting aes256 creates a key without a password openssl req -config intermediate/openssl.conf -key intermediate/private/sslvh.tm.key.pem -new -sha256 -out intermediate/csr/sslvh.tm.csr.pem openssl ca -config intermediate/openssl.conf -extensions server_cert -days 9000 -notext -md sha256 -in intermediate/csr/sslvh.tm.csr.pem -out intermediate/certs/sslvh.tm.cert.pem openssl x509 -noout -text -in intermediate/certs/sslvh.tm.cert.pem openssl x509 -text -noout -in sslvh.tm.cert.pem -fingerprint
The Issuer is the intermediate CA. The Subject refers to the certificate itself.
openssl verify -CAfile intermediate/certs/ca-chain.cert.pem intermediate/certs/sslvh.tm.cert.pem
You can now either deploy your new certificate to a server, or distribute the certificate to a client. When deploying to a server application (eg, Apache), you need to make the following files available:
- C:\wamp\vhosts\somecerts\caSetup\intermediate\certs\ca-chain.cert.pem
- C:\wamp\vhosts\somecerts\caSetup\intermediate\private\sslvh.tm.key.pem
- C:\wamp\vhosts\somecerts\caSetup\intermediate\certs\sslvh.tm.cert.pem
you could but I didn't create a certifice revocation lis CRL
node
mosca uses the node TLS stuff
from https://nodejs.org/api/tls.html#tls_tls_ssl
This default cipher list can be replaced entirely using the --tls-cipher-list command line switch. For instance, the following makes ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:!RC4 the default TLS cipher suite:
node --tls-cipher-list="TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA:RC4-MD5"
debug
sparkfun thing dev
http://frightanic.com/iot/comparison-of-esp8266-nodemcu-development-boards/
- :back to breakout boards
wifi breakout board
refs
wiring
http://www.forward.com.au/pfod/ESP8266/GPIOpins/index.html
https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/issues/1243
current sensing
http://www.esp8266-projects.com/2015/06/mailbag-arrival-acs712-current-sensor.html
enc28j60
http://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/ArduinoPower http://www.thesunrain.com/Amazon/4%20relay%20board/4-ch%20relay%20module.pdf
http://www.myropcb.com/services-capabilities/pcba-services/
manual upload of sketches
stand-alone-arduino [https://www.sparkfun.com/products/10524 w ATM328+bootloader
